英语是谁发明创造的?

英语的发明人已经无从考证，英语的最早形式被称为古英语或盎格鲁撒克逊语（公元550-1066年）古英语是由一组北海日耳曼方言发展而成的，这些方言最初是由日耳曼部落（称为角羚，撒克逊人和黄麻）在弗里西亚，下萨克森，日德兰和瑞典南部沿海地区所说的。

从公元5世纪CE，盎格鲁-撒克逊人定居英国的罗马经济，行政崩溃。到了7世纪，盎格鲁撒克逊人的日耳曼语在英国占据了主导地位，取代了罗马不列颠的语言（43-409 CE）。

古布立吞语，一个凯尔特语和拉丁语，被带到英国罗马人占领。英格兰和英语（最初是Ænglaland和Ænglisc）是以Angles命名的。

英语的音系

英语音系学是指对英语音系（亦即声音系统）的研究。正如所有语言，无论考虑历史与否，英语口语的发音因不同方言而异。

这种变异在英语特别明显，因其在广泛地区使用，是澳大利亚、加拿大、美国、新西兰、英国和加勒比海英语国家等国的主要语言，在世上每一个州都有人以之为母语或第二语言。

英语并没有决定性和国际承认的标准，所以不同国家的英语有时可能妨碍沟通。虽然如此，不同地区的英语口音仍能互相理解。

英语是谁发明的？

本来修建环状石样群的人是凯尔特人，英语也该属于凯尔特语,但事实上英语却隶属于日尔曼语。分类比较复杂，可以参照下列年表。根据分类，从公元450年-1100年间的西日尔曼语才真正是英语的起源。

年代 语言

公元前 凯尔特语（几千年）

公元--450年 罗马人统治

450年--1100年 Old English(古英语）、西日尔曼语

1100年--1500年 Middle English(中世纪英语）

1066年 The Norman Conquest(法国诺曼第人征服）以后

1500年--现代 Modern English (现代英语）

所以说，英语是日尔曼人发明的。

英语是谁发明的?

英语是 Anglo Saxon (盎格鲁-撒克逊)的民族语，它属于印欧语系的日耳曼语支。它的形成大约在公元五世纪左右，经一千五百余年的漫长历史过程发展而来的。

英语是谁发明的

ORIGIN OF ENGLISH(当然是英国人发明的啦,欲知详情,请看下文,但我宁愿相信一门语言不是哪个人想发明就能发明出来的，大家觉得呢？)

We speak English but do we know where it comes from? I didn’t know until I started to study on this subject and I learned where it comes from and how it has developed.

The history of English begins a little after A.D. 600. The ancestors of the language were wandering in the forests of northern Europe. Their language was a part of Germanic branch of Indo-European Family.

The people talking this language spread to the northern coast of Europe in the time of Roman Empire. Among this people the tribes called Angels,Saxons,Jutes which is called Anglo-Saxons come to England. The first Latin effect was in that period. Latin effected the language with the merchants traveling the tribes. Some of the words taken from Latin are; kettle,wine,cheese, butter, cheap.

Also in the 14th century Rome Empire weakened because Goths attacked to Mediterranean countries of Roman Empire and Anglo-Saxons attacked to empire. On the other hand the Celtic tribes in Scotland and Wales developed. At the end in 410 the last roman emperor left the island to Celtic and Anglo-Saxons. Celtic and Anglo-Saxons fought for 100 years and Anglo-Saxons killed all the Celtics. In 550 Anglo –Saxons established England. During Roma Empire Latin wasn’t the native language of the kingdom because people in the country were talking Celtic.

When Anglo-Saxons became Christian in 597 they learned Latin. According to the effects to English , the history of the language divided in to three; Old English(7th century-1100), Middle English(1100-1450/1500), Modern English (1500-now). In some books Modern English is divided in to two Early modern (1500-1700) ,Late Modern (1700-now).

OLD ENGLISH

When England was established there were several kingdoms and the most advanced one was Nurthumbria. It was this period that the best of the Old English literature was written , including the epic poem Beowulf.

In the 8th century Nurthumbrian power declined , West Saxons became the leading power. The most famous king of the West Saxons was Alfred the Great. He founded and established schools, translated or caused to be translated many books from Latin in to English.

After many years of hit-and-run raids between the European kingdoms, the Norseman landed in the year of 866 and later the east coast of the island was Norseman’s. Norse language effected the English considerably. Norse wasn’t so different from English and English people could understand Norseman. There were considerable interchanges and word borrowings (sky,give,law,egg,outlaw,leg,ugly,talk). Also borrowed pronouns like they,their,them. It is supposed also that the Norseman influenced the sound structure and the grammar of English.

Old English had some sound which we don’t know have now. In grammar , Old English was much more highly inflected that Middle English because there were case endings for nouns, more person and number endings of words and a more complicated pronoun systems, various endings for adjectives. In vocabulary Old English is quiet different from Middle English. Most of the Old English words are native English which weren’t borrowed from other languages. On the other hand Old English contains borrowed words coming from Norse and Latin.

MIDDLE ENGLISH

Between 1100-1200 many important changes took place in the structure of English and Old English became Middle English. The political event which effected the administration system and language was the Norman Conquest. In 1066 they crossed the Channel and they became the master of England. For the next several next years ,England was ruled by the kings whose native language was French. On the other hand French couldn’t become the national language because it became the language of the court , nobility, polite society, literature. But it didn’t replace as the language of the people. English continued to be the national language but it changed too much after the conquest.

The sound system&grammar wasn’t so effected but vocabulary was effected much. There were word related with goverment:parliment,tax, goverment,majesty; church word: religion, parson, sermon; words for food: veal, beef, mutton, peach,lemon,cream,biscuit; colors: blue, scarlet, vermilion; household words: curtain, chair,lamp,towel,blanket; play words: dance,chess,music,leisure,conversation; literary words: story romance, poet, literary; learned words: study, logic grammar,noun,surgeon, anatomy, stomach; ordinary words for all sorts: nice,second,very,age,bucket, final,gentel, fault, flower,count,sure, move, surprise, plain. (Clark, V.P.& Eschholz, P.A. &Rose ,A.F.; 1994;622 )

Middle English was still a Germanic language but it is different from Old English in many ways. Grammar and the sound system changed a good deal. People started to rely more on word order and structure words to express their meaning rather than the use of case system. “This can be called as a simplification but it is not exactly. Languages don’t become simpler , they merely exchange one kind of complexity for another”( (Clark, V.P.& Eschholz, P.A. &Rose ,A.F.; 1994;622 )

For us Middle English is simpler that Old English because it is closer to Modern English.

EARLY MODERN ENGLISH

Between 1400-1600 English underwent a couple of sound changes. One change was the elimination of a vowel sound in certain unstressed positions at the end of the words. The change was important because it effected thousands of words and gave a different aspect to the whole language.

The other change is what is called the Great Vowel Shift. This was a systematic shifting of half a dozen vowels and diphthongs in stressed syllables. For example the word name had in Middle English a vowel something like that in the modern word father;...etc. The shift effected all the words in which these vowels sounds occurred. These two changes produced the basic differences between Middle English and Modern English. But there are several other developments that effected the language. One was the invention of printing. It was introduced to England by William Caxton in 1475. After this books became cheaper and cheaper, more people learned to read and write and advanced in communication.

The period of Early Modern English was also a period of English Renaissance, which means the development of the people. New ideas increased. English language had grown as a result of borrowing words from French ,Latin, Greek.

The greatest writer of the Early Modern English period is Shakespeare and the best known book is the King Jones version of the BIBLE.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

In order to establish the language they develop a dictionary. The first English Dictionary was published in 1603. Another product of the 18th century was the invention of English Grammar. As English is replaced with Latin as the language of scholarship, it was felt to control the language.

The period where English developed most in the Modern English. In that period the people speaking that language increased too much. Now, English is the greatest language of the world spoken natively and as a second language. What will happen in the future? It’ll continue to grow , may be it will be the universal language.

Adapted from "A Brief History of English" by Paul Roberts

英语是谁发明的拜托了各位 谢谢

英国、美国等国家和地区的国语或官方语言。7世纪起有文献，文字采用拉丁字母。为联合国正式语言和工作语言之一。 英语属于印欧语系中日耳曼语族下的西日耳曼语支。印欧语系是世界上最大的语系，其中包括一百多种语言，主要分布在欧洲、美洲和亚洲等地。讲印欧语系语言的人数约占世界人口的一半。在各种语言当中，英语和德语最为接近。英语起源于英国。大约在公元499年，居住在西北欧的三个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人——侵犯不列颠。他们在征服不列颠诸岛后逐渐形成统一的英吉利民族，他们各自使用的方言也逐渐融合，成为一种新的语言——盎格鲁-撒克逊语，这就是古英语（Old English，公元450年至1150年）。在这一时期，说英语的人不过几百万人，而其使用范围也仅仅局限在不列颠岛。其后，英语又经过漫长的历史演变，由中古英语（Middle English，1150年至1500年）发展今天的现代英语（Modern English，1500年至今）。作为世界上最为开放的语言，在其1500多年的发展过程中，英语兼收并蓄，几乎从世界上任何一种语言中都或多或少地吸收词汇。今天，英语已成为世界上词汇量最大、适用范围最广的语言，同时它也是最接近于人类共同语的语言。根据以英语作为母语的人数计算，英语可能是世界上第三大或第四大语言（据1996年5月的《二十一世纪报》报道，目前世界上以英语为母语的人数是3亿7千万人），但它是世界上最广泛的第二语言，人数之多仅次于汉语。早在1919年凡尔赛和会上，英语就已成为外交领域最重要的语言。无数国际团体——从国际奥委会到联合国——都以英语为主要工作语言。许多政府首脑都精通英语。如德国前总理科尔就能用流利的英语与美国前总统Bill Clinton交谈。上两个世纪英国和美国在各国外交、文化、经济、军事、政治和科学等领域上的领先地位使得英语成为一种国际语言。英语是联合国的五种工作语言之一。 与英语最接近的无疑是弗里西语，这种语言现在仍然被在荷兰北部弗里斯兰省的大约50万人使用。一些人认为苏格兰盖尔语是与英语接近的一个独立语言，而一些人则认为它是英语的一个方言。苏格兰语传统上被认为是一种独立的语言（有人甚至认为Ebonics（美国黑人英语）是一门独立的语言，但是这很有争议性）。除了弗里西语外最接近英语的就是在荷兰东部和德国北部的低地撒克逊语。其它相关的语言包括荷兰语、南非荷兰语和德语。诺曼人于11世纪征服英国，带来大量法语词汇，极大地丰富了英语。